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Matches 1 to 50 of 934     Thumbnails Only

	Thumb	Description	Linked to
1			John Frederick READ
2			John Frederick READ
3			John Frederick READ
4			John Frederick READ
5			John Frederick READ
6			John Frederick READ
7		"Little One" Evelyn Mallon	Evelyn Mae MALLON
8		15th Photo Squadron in Tunisia, North Africa	Ernest Peter MALLON
9		1880 US Census of Erastus and Charles Green in False Bottom, Lawrence, Dakota Territory	Charles Fremont GREEN Erastus GREEN
10		1880 US Census showing Grimmer and Sitterding Families in Ohio	Andrew GRIMMER Andrew GRIMMER Elizabeth Matilda GRIMMER Minnie GRIMMER Sophia GRIMMER Rosa SITTERDING
11		1892 Marriage of John Martin, Jr. & Mary Malinowska	Mary Sophia MALINOWSKA John MARTIN, Jr.
12		1899 Peoria Directory showing Kowalks	Edward KOWALK Elmer KOWALK Emil KOWALK Joseph KOWALK Ruth KOWALK
13		1918 Flu Epidemic Map showing the timing and location of the influenza epidemic	Ada Marie MALLON
14		1919 US Passport of Emil Kowalk	Emil KOWALK
15		23andMe version 3 raw data file of John Frederick Read's DNA Large File! (8 MByte) Zip The DNA that makes up your genome is organized into 22 pairs of chromosomes, a pair of sex chromosomes (two X, or an X and a Y), and your mitochondrial DNA. The main view of Browse Raw Data shows each chromosome and tells you how many DNA bases and genes are in each. It also tells you the number of SNPs for which we have data.	John Frederick READ
16		A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes by Fulvio Cruciani et al. The variation of 77 biallelic sites located in the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome was examined in 608 male subjects from 22 African populations. This survey revealed a total of 37 binary haplotypes, which were combined with microsatellite polymorphism data to evaluate internal diversities and to estimate coalescence ages of the binary haplotypes. The majority of binary haplotypes showed a nonuniform distribution across the continent. Analysis of molecular variance detected a high level of interpopulation diversity, which appears to ST be partially related to the geography. In sub-Saharan Africa, the recent spread of a set of haplotypes CT partially erased pre-existing diversity, but a high level of population and geographic ST CT structuring persists. Correspondence analysis shows that three main clusters of populations can be identified: northern, eastern, and sub-Saharan Africans. Among the latter, the Khoisan, the Pygmies, and the northern Cameroonians are clearly distinct from a tight cluster formed by the Niger-Congo–speaking populations from western, central western, and southern Africa. Phylogeographic analyses suggest that a large component of the present Khoisan gene pool is eastern African in origin and that Asia was the source of a back migration to sub-Saharan Africa. Haplogroup IX Y chromosomes appear to have been involved in such a migration, the traces of which can now be observed mostly in northern Cameroon. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70:1197–1214, 2002	John Frederick READ
17		A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe ABSTRACT: A large part of Y chromosome lineages in East European and East Asian human populations belong to haplogroup (hg) NO, which is composed of two sister clades N-M231 and O-M175. The O-clade is relatively old (around 30 thousand years (ky)) and encompasses the vast majority of east and Southeast Asian male lineages, as well as significant proportion of those in Oceanian males. On the other hand, our detailed analysis of hg N suggests that its high frequency in east Europe is due to its more recent expansion westward on a counter-clock northern route from inner Asia/southern Siberia, approximately 12–14 ky ago. The widespread presence of hg N in Siberia, together with its absence in Native Americans, implies its spread happened after the founder event for the Americas. The most frequent subclade N3, arose probably in the region of present day China, and subsequently experienced serial bottlenecks in Siberia and secondary expansions in eastern Europe. Another branch, N2, forms two distinctive subclusters of STR haplotypes, Asian (N2-A) and European (N2-E), the latter now mostly distributed in Finno Ugric and related populations. These phylogeographic patterns provide evidence consistent with male-mediated counter-clockwise late Pleistocene–Holocene migratory trajectories toward Northwestern Europe from an ancestral East Asian source of Paleolithic heritage. European Journal of Human Genetics (2007) 15, 204–211. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201748; published online 6 December 2006	John Frederick READ
18		A Day of Fishing Harvey Read, Sr., Harvey Read, Jr., George C. Read, & Stanley Hawks in about 1918.	George Crouse READ Harvey M. READ, Jr. Harvey Moore READ, Sr.
19		A Genetic Signal of Central European Celtic Ancestry: Preliminary Research Concerning Y-Chromosome Marker U152 Introduction and Parameters of the Study: The goal of the present study is to use historical references (via the Greco – Roman Classical authors), plus linguistic and archaeological data, to link the Hallstatt and La Tene Celtic people of Central Europe to a Y-chromosome marker, S28 / U152 (the latter version will be used due to its acceptance by the Y Chromosome Consortium). The old style phylogenetic category was haplogroup R-U152 (ISOGG, 2007), however today both R1b1b2h (Karafet et al. 2008) and R1b1b2a2g (International Society of Genetic Genealogists, 2008) are in common usage. The hypothesis under consideration is that most who are U152 positive are living descendants of these ancient Celtic people who emerged from an Alpine European homeland; with the possible exception of distantly related folk who reside along the Mediterranean coast south to Sardinia. It is important to note that it is not proposed that all Central European Celts were U152, only that there is a strong correlation (which does not include a wide range of other haplotypes also being found among the Celts).	John Frederick READ
20		A Harbaugh Valley Memoir A Harbaugh Valley Memoir, part 2 of 4.	Yost HARBAUGH Maria Margaretha KLEIN
21		A Harbaugh Valley Memoir A Harbaugh Valley Memoir, part 3 of 4.	Yost HARBAUGH Maria Margaretha KLEIN
22		A Harbaugh Valley Memoir A Harbaugh Valley Memoir, part 4 of 4.	Yost HARBAUGH Maria Margaretha KLEIN
23		A Harbaugh Valley Memoir A Harbaugh Valley Memoir, part 1 of 4	Yost HARBAUGH Maria Margaretha KLEIN
24		A Joke Here is a joke that slightly exaggerates the Volga German ethic of thrift.	Kathryn DAMM George Henry GREEN
25		A letter from Neu Norka A letter to America from Neu Norka in 1922	George Henry GREEN Henry George GREEN
26		A Muddy Road	John Frederick READ
27		A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) Revealed through the Use of Newly Characterized Binary Polymorphisms ABSTRACT: Haplogroup E1b1, defined by the marker P2, is the most represented human Y chromosome haplogroup in Africa. A phylogenetic tree showing the internal structure of this haplogroup was published in 2008. A high degree of internal diversity characterizes this haplogroup, as well as the presence of a set of chromosomes undefined on the basis of a derived character. Here we make an effort to update the phylogeny of this highly diverse haplogroup by including seven mutations which have been newly discovered by direct resequencing. We also try to incorporate five previously-described markers which were not, however, reported in the 2008 tree. Additionally, during the process of mapping, we found that two previously reported SNPs required a new position on the tree. There are three key changes compared to the 2008 phylogeny. Firstly, haplogroup E-M2 (former E1b1a) and haplogroup E-M329 (former E1b1c) are now united by the mutations V38 and V100, reducing the number of E1b1 basal branches to two. The new topology of the tree has important implications concerning the origin of haplogroup E1b1. Secondly, within E1b1b1 (E-M35), two haplogroups (E-V68 and EV257) show similar phylogenetic and geographic structure, pointing to a genetic bridge between southern European and northern African Y chromosomes. Thirdly, most of the E1b1b1* (E-M35*) paragroup chromosomes are now marked by defining mutations, thus increasing the discriminative power of the haplogroup for use in human evolution and forensics. Citation: Trombetta B, Cruciani F, Sellitto D, Scozzari R (2011) A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) Revealed through the Use of Newly Characterized Binary Polymorphisms. PLoS ONE 6(1): e16073. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016073	John Frederick READ
28		A Recent Insertion of an Alu Element on the Y Chromosome Is a Useful Marker for Human Population Studies ABSTRACT: A member of the Alu family of repeated DNA elements has been identified on the long arm of the human Y chromosome, Yq 11. This element, referred to as the Y Alu polymorphic (YAP) element, is present at a specific site on the Y chromosome in some humans and is absent in others. Phylogenetic comparisons with other Alu sequences reveal that the YAP element is a member of the polymorphic subfamily 3 (PSF-3), a previously undefined subfamily of Alu elements. The evolutionary relationships of PSF-3 to other Alu subfamilies support the hypothesis that recently inserted elements result from multiple source genes. The frequency of the YAP element is described in 340 individuals from 14 populations, and the data are combined with those from other populations. There is both significant heterogeneity among populations and a clear pattern in the frequencies of the insertion: sub-Saharan Africans have the highest frequencies, followed by northern Africans, Europeans, Oceanians, and Asians. An interesting exception is the relatively high frequency of the YAP element in Japanese. The greatest genetic distance is observed between the African and non-African populations. The YAP is especially useful for studying human population history from the perspective of male lineages.	John Frederick READ
29		A review of mutation processes and methods of phylogenetic inference Introduction Microsatellites are short segments of DNA in which a specific motif of 1-6 bases is repeated up to a usual maximum of 60 or so. Due to their exceptional variability and relative ease of scoring microsatellites are now generally considered the most powerful genetic marker. It is typical to observe loci with more than 10 alleles and heterozygosities above 0.60, even in relatively small samples (Bowcock et al. 1994, Deka et al. 1995), while certain loci can be considerably more variable (Primmer et al. 1996). In addition to being highly variable, microsatellites are also densely distributed throughout eukaryotic genomes, making them the preferred marker for very-high resolution genetic mapping (Dib et al. 1996, Dietrich et al. 1996). Microsatellites are rapidly replacing RFLPs and RAPDs in most applications in population biology, from identifying relatives to inferring demographic parameters (Blouin et al. 1996, Bowcock et al. 1994, Goldstein et al. 1996, Jame and Lagoda 1996). Part of the appeal of microsatellites over RFLPs and RAPDs is that the genetic basis of microsatellite variability is readily apparent: unique primers amplify a genomic region including a well-defined repeat structure that is responsible for the observed variation. This allows the development of inferential methods based on explicit models of microsatellite evolution (Slatkin 1995a,b; Goldstein et al. 1995a,b; Goldstein et al 1996; Feldman et al 1996; Pollock et al 1996). These advantages suggest that microsatellites will enjoy a lengthy reign in population studies.	John Frederick READ
30		A spring picnic in the Bearpaw Mountains	Antonie Selma HINTZ Adam MALLON
31		A Step by Step Guide to Create a SplitsTree4 Diagram by Victor Villarreal	John Frederick READ
32		A Suggested Genome for "Mitochondrial Eve" The "Out of Africa" theory has become widely accepted in the 20 years since the original work was done on 147 mitochondrial DNA samples. Now there are more than 3,700 genomes available for study. The human phylogenetic tree is now very complicated. But no sequence has so far been published that includes all the mutations that have arisen in the last 200,000 years. The present article describes 52 mutations that have occurred on the lineage of the Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS), thereby suggesting a mitochondrial genome for "Mitochondrial Eve."	John Frederick READ
33		A Time Line of Y-DNA Haplogroups	John Frederick READ
34		A Volcanic Rock	John Frederick READ
35		A Western Eurasian Male Is Found in 2000-Year-Old Elite Xiongnu Cemetery in Northeast Mongolia by Kijeong Kim et al. ABSTRACT We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNP), and autosomal short tandem repeats STR) of three skeletons found in a 2,000-year-old Xiongnu elite cemetery in Duurlig Nars of Northeast Mongolia. This study is one of the first reports of the detailed genetic analysis of ancient human remains using the three types of genetic markers. The DNA analyses revealed that one subject was an ancient male skeleton with maternal U2e1 and paternal R1a1 haplogroups. This is the first genetic evidence that a male of distinctive Indo-European lineages (R1a1) was present in the Xiongnu of Mongolia. This might indicate an Indo-European migration into Northeast Asia 2,000 years ago. Other specimens are a female with mtDNA haplogroup D4 and a male with Y-SNP haplogroup C3 and mtDNA haplogroup D4. Those haplogroups are common in Northeast Asia. There was no close kinship among them. The genetic evidence of U2e1 and R1a1 may help to clarify the migration patterns of Indo-Europeans and ancient East-West contacts of the Xiongnu Empire. Artifacts in the tombs suggested that the Xiongnu had a system of the social stratification. The West Eurasian male might show the racial tolerance of the Xiongnu Empire and some insight into the Xiongnu society. Am J Phys Anthropology 000:000–000, 2010. VVC 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. KEY WORDS Xiongnu; R1a1; Indo-European migration; Northeast Asia; ancient DNA	Adam MALLON
36		A Y Chromosome Census of the British Isles by Cristian Capelli, et al.	John Frederick READ
37		Achilles Achilles	John Frederick READ
38		Achilles Achilles attack	John Frederick READ
39		Ada and Ernest Mallon Ada and her little brother Ernest Mallon	Antonie Selma HINTZ Ada Marie MALLON Adam MALLON Ernest Peter MALLON
40		Ada and her horse My horse's feet are as swift as rolling thunder He carries me away from all my fears And when the world threatens to fall asunder His mane is there to wipe away my tears. ~Bonnie Lewis	Ada Marie MALLON
41		Ada Mallon Ada Mallon	Antonie Selma HINTZ Ada Marie MALLON Adam MALLON
42		Ada Mallon Ada Mallon in about 1918	Antonie Selma HINTZ Ada Marie MALLON Adam MALLON
43		Ada Mallon	Ada Marie MALLON
44		Ada Mallon Status: Located.	Ada Marie MALLON
45		Ada Mallon Death Certificate	Ada Marie MALLON
46		Ada Mallon in the Bearpaw Mountains	Ada Marie MALLON
47		Ada Mallon Trading Hats	Ada Marie MALLON
48		Ada Mallon, Lumberjack	Ada Marie MALLON Frances Meta MALLON Fred Adam MALLON
49		Ada Mazeppa Crouse Ada Mazeppa Crouse - Montana Death Index	Ada Mazeppa CROUSE
50		Ada Mazeppa Crouse Ada Mazeppa Crouse - SS Death Index	Ada Mazeppa CROUSE

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